Alzheimer's rat created for human research

(genetically manipulate rat to create ideal model for studying Alzheimer's)

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Prof. Claudio Cuello at McGill University and his collaborators have genetically manipulated rats that can emulate Alzheimer's disease in humans, enabling research that will include the development of new treatments. Alzheimer's is a devastating brain condition leading to a progressive decline of memory and other brain functions. Although research mice have been developed in the past, rats are more intelligent than other rodents and the behavior of these rats is rich and predictable, which means that for the first time researchers will be able to detect and study the evolution of learning and memory deficits.
Moreover, researchers can now study a suspected "latent phase" of Alzheimer's disease. The disease is caused by the accumulation in the brain of molecules known as peptides. This accumulation has been repeated in lab mice, but the human condition develops through different stages and these rats enable this progression to be mimicked for the first time. Studies of this phase were previously impossible as humans do not have biochemical markers that would allow the development of Alzheimer's to be predicted. To get more: eurekalert.org

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The toxic timebomb

Researchers say gender-bending chemicals are rife but are they just the tip of the iceberg? ...dailymail.co.uk

What the World Eats ~~~~~~~~~~~ Babka (Meat and Potato Bake)

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 To reverse Alzheimer's-like memory loss

(might explain another mystery about the disease)

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By blocking the cellular signaling activity of a protein, a team of neuroscientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) has prevented memory loss in fruit flies caused by brain plaques similar to those thought to cause Alzheimer's disease in humans. The study also resolves a long-standing controversy about the role of this protein, PI3 kinase, which was previously thought to have a protective function against the disease.
"Our work suggests that the peptides, or fragments, of β-amyloid associated with Alzheimer's disease directly increase the activity of PI3 kinase, which in turn causes memory loss and increases the accumulation of plaque in the brain," explains CSHL Professor Yi Zhong, who led the research team. The study appears online, ahead of print, March 29 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.  To get more: eurekalert.org

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Enlightening consumers to the benefits of vitamin D

Barely a week goes by without a new study supporting the benefits of vitamin D and calling for increased intakes. In the final part of our series on the sunshine vitamin we look at the science behind the headlines.  ...nutraingredients.com

What the World Eats ~~~~~~~~~~~ Belarusian cuisine: HARADZIENSKI SALAD

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 DHA deficiency has been linked to Alzheimer’s

(daily intake in the upper quartile group was 0.18 g)

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that falls into the larger category of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Although many chronic conditions are associated with excessive intake of dietary saturated and trans fatty acids (including obesity, insulin resistance, coronary heart disease, and some forms of cancer), research shows omega-3 fatty acids, including DHA, are essential in the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases. DHA has been shown to be particularly important for fetal brain development, optimal development of motor skills and visual acuity in infants, lipid metabolism in children and adults, and cognitive support in the elderly. In vitro and animal studies also suggest a beneficial role for DHA in certain types of cancer.
DHA is a 22-carbon carboxylic acid with six cis double bonds, the first being on the third carbon from the omega end, hence the fatty acid nomenclature 22:6, n-3. Other names for DHA include cervonic acid and all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,19-hexaenoic acid. Although fish oils are rich sources of DHA, most commercially available fish oils contain higher amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) than DHA, as well as lesser amounts of other fatty acids. Most DHA found in extracted fish oil preparations is derived from microalgae consumed by the fish. Pure DHA from fish oil is not readily available on the commercial market due to difficulties in the extraction and purification processes.
Currently, the best commercial source of pure DHA is derived from a controlled fermentation process using two microalgae, Crypthecodinium cohnii and another species of the Schizochytrium genus. DHA produced from this fermentation process is of high purity, vegetarian, and is the only type of DHA currently accepted for use in infant formulas in the United States. In humans, DHA not consumed in the diet is biosynthesized via conversion of EPA to docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), which is then converted to DHA. DHA comprises 40 percent of the PUFAs in the brain and 60 percent in the retina. DHA – present in three membrane phospholipids: phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine, and ethanolamine plasmalogen – regulates many cell transport and synaptic functions. To get more: thorne.com

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Suppliers surmounting vitamin D fortification challenges

In many countries foods such as milk, yoghurt, margarine, oil spreads, breakfast cereal, pastries as well as bread are fortified with vitamin D, and in the third part of our special edition on this nutrient, we look at the challenges surrounding its encapsulation and incorporation into food and beverages.  ...nutraingredients.com

What the World Eats ~~~~~~~~~~~ Belarusian Buckwheat Mushroom Pilaf

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ExonHit Presents New Data on Alzheimer's

(contains elements that are not historical facts)

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A novel mechanism of action when compared to existing Alzheimer's disease therapeutics: it stimulates the a-secretase pathway, thus enhancing the production of the procognitive and neuroprotective sAPPa fragment of APP (Amyloid Precursor Protein). Since the stimulation of the a-secretase pathway is to the detriment of Aß amyloid peptide production, EHT 0202 potentially reduces toxic Aß plaque formation. Phase I studies demonstrated good tolerability of EHT 0202 in both young and elderly healthy volunteers. Preclinical studies have shown that EHT 0202 protects cortical neurons against Aß42-induced toxicity and that this neuroprotection is associated with sAPPa induction. EHT 0202 has also demonstrated procognitive properties in several animal models: age-related memory impairment and scopolamine-induced amnesia. Procognitive properties of EHT 0202 were recently published in an aged rat model.To get more: 4g-wirelessevolution.tmcnet.com

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Science highlights promise of prebiotics for weight management

Prebiotic fibres may beneficially modify bacterial populations in our guts and aid weight management, with “promising effects also shown in humans”, says a new review of the science.   ...nutraingredients.com

What the World Eats ~~~~~~~~~~~ Belarusian Pork and Potato Pie

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Calcium hypothesis of Alzheimer’s

(of the amyloidogenic pathway and Ca2+ signaling)

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by an increase in amyloid metabolism. The calcium hypothesis of AD explores how activation of the amyloidogenic pathway may function to remodel the neuronal Ca2+ signaling pathways responsible for cognition. Hydrolysis of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) yields two products that can influence Ca2+ signaling. Firstly, the amyloids released to the outside form oligomers that enhance the entry of Ca2+ that is pumped into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). An increase in the luminal level of Ca2+ within the ER enhances the sensitivity of the ryanodine receptors (RYRs) to increase the amount of Ca2+ being released from the internal stores. Secondly, the APP intracellular domain may alter the expression of key signaling components such as the RYR. It is proposed that this remodeling of Ca2+ signaling will result in the learning and memory deficits that occur early during the onset of AD. In particular, the Ca2+ signaling remodeling may erase newly acquired memories by enhancing the mechanism of long-term depression that depends on activation of the Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin. The alteration in Ca2+ signaling will also contribute to the neurodegeneration that characterizes the later stages of dementia. To get more: springerlink.com

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Blackcurrant extract shows anti-asthma potential

Extracts from blackcurrants may reduce inflammation in the lungs and potentially offer benefits to the increasing number of asthmatics, says a new study from New Zealand.  ...nutraingredients.com

What the World Eats ~~~~~~~~~~~ Machanka

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Mechanism by which Alzheimer's disease could unfold within the brain

(Before you get decline)

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Scientists at the CSIRO have mapped the presence of amyloid-beta "plaques" in the brain, which are known to accumulate alongside the development of the degenerative condition.
Until now, it was not known whether this plaque was toxic and contributed to Alzheimer's disease or whether it was coincidental.
Dr Olivier Salvado and his research colleagues found when the plaque was located in a particular spot in the brain it could cause damage to the hippocampus, which plays a key role in memory functioning.
"We found when there is plaque in this inferior temporal cortex then the hippocampus gets atrophied," Dr Salvado said.
It is thought the plaque disrupts connections with the hippocampus, causing its neurons to die. To get more: adelaidenow.com.au

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Omega-3-fortified dairy effective for heart health

Consuming dairy products fortified with omega-3 fatty acids does benefit heart health, and may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, says a new study from Germany.   ...nutraingredients.com

What the World Eats ~~~~~~~~~~~ Foods Commonly Used in Belarus

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To protect normal brains from age-related memory loss

(discovery is very exciting)

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A study of the brains of people who stayed mentally sharp into their 80s and beyond challenges the notion that brain changes linked to mental decline and Alzheimer's disease are a normal, inevitable part of aging.
In a presentation at the 239th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS), Changiz Geula, Ph.D. and colleagues described their discovery of elderly people with super-sharp memory - so-called "super-aged" individuals - who somehow escaped formation of brain "tangles." The tangles consist of an abnormal form of a protein called "tau" that damages and eventually kills nerve cells. Named for their snarled, knotted appearance under a microscope, tangles increase with advancing age and peak in people with Alzheimer's disease.  To get more: medicalnewstoday

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High-dose food supplements no help for cold sufferers

Nutrients such as vitamin C, zinc, selenium and probiotics won’t help ward off or treat common colds and flus, according to a scientific review conducted in the latest issue of the British Nutrition Foundation journal.  ...nutraingredients.com

What the World Eats ~~~~~~~~~~~ Belarusian cuisine

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Rapid Memory Decline Before Alzheimer's Disease

(Scores declined by 0.04, 0.09 and 0.17 per year)

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Memory and thinking skills may decline rapidly for people who have mild cognitive impairment, which is the stage before Alzheimer's disease when people have mild memory problems but no dementia symptoms, and even more rapidly when dementia begins, which is when Alzheimer's disease is usually diagnosed. The research is published in the March 23, 2010, print issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.  "The changes in rate of decline occur as the brain atrophies due to the disease, first mainly in the hippocampus during the initial symptomatic stage, referred to as mild cognitive impairment, then in the temporal, parietal and frontal cortex during the dementing illness phase of Alzheimer's disease," said David S. Knopman, MD, of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., and Fellow of the American Academy of Neurology, who wrote an editorial accompanying the article. To get more: medicalnewstoday.com

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CLA shows weight management benefits for children

Daily consumption of CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) may reduce the body fat mass and total body weight in healthy but overweight and obese children, says a new study. ...nutraingredients.com

What the World Eats ~~~~~~~~~~~ How to Make Traditional Belarussian Draniki

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Cognition declines: Alzheimer's versus dementia

(4 times faster)

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People with Alzheimer's disease experience a rate of cognitive decline four times greater than those with no cognitive impairment according to a new study by researchers at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. The results of the study, which is only the second population-based study to quantify the rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, are published in the March 23, 2010 issue of the journal Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.
"Knowledge about the progressive cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease is mainly based on studies of persons evaluated in clinical settings. In such studies, the full spectrum of the disease is unlikely to be represented," said study author Robert S. Wilson, PhD, a neuropsychologist at the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center. "As a result, it has been difficult to securely determine the cognitive consequences of the disease and to test whether they vary in racial or ethnic subgroups of the population." To get more: scienceblog.com

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Coffee researchers identify stomach friendly ingredient

New research into the causes of stomach problems sometimes experienced by coffee drinkers has uncovered an ingredient that could pave the way for gentler brews. ...nutraingredients.com

What the World Eats ~~~~~~~~~~~ Ukrainian cuisine

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 Genetic Link to Alzheimers

(raise an interesting point)

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Last year, a study in the New England Journal of Medicine asked whether the children of Alzheimer's patients should find out whether they were genetically predisposed to the same fate. Defying conventional wisdom, the researchers concluded that people who learned their genetic status could take the information in stride - as long as they received appropriate genetic counseling.

The conclusion was based on an analysis of 162 volunteers who took a blood test to see whether they had the e4 variant of the apolipoprotein E gene, which has been linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. Some volunteers got their results; others didn't. But members of both groups were equally likely to display signs of anxiety or depression, according to the study. To get more: dc50tv.com

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Trials prove efficacy of fiber and multivitamin chocolate fortification

German chocolate ingredient supplier, Herza Schokolade, said it has recently concluded a series of trials on the incorporation of health boosting ingredients into chocolate based on the hike in demand for the functional additions from its food manufacturer customers.  ...nutraingredients.com

What the World Eats >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Belarussian food for beginners>>>>>>>>>>>>>belarusianfood.com

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 Recent developments in Alzheimer's disease therapeutics

(strategies aimed at preventing Aβ formation)

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Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurological disorder that affects more than 37 million people worldwide. The economic burden of Alzheimer's disease is massive; in the United States alone, the estimated direct and indirect annual cost of patient care is at least $100 billion. Current FDA-approved drugs for Alzheimer's disease do not prevent or reverse the disease, and provide only modest symptomatic benefits. Driven by the clear unmet medical need and a growing understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, the number of agents in development has increased dramatically in recent years. Truly *disease-modifying' therapies that target the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease have now reached late stages of human clinical trials. Primary targets include beta-amyloid, whose presence and accumulation in the brain is thought to contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease, and tau protein which, when hyperphosphorylated, results in the self-assembly of tangles of paired helical filaments also believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we briefly discuss the current status of Alzheimer's disease therapies under study, as well the scientific context in which they have been developed. To get more: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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The unstoppable antioxidant powerhouse 

In the first instalment of this antioxidants special NutraIngredients scans a diverse global market that has barely been dented by the recession and continues to flourish amid consumer understanding that is often little more than surface deep. ...nutraingredients.com

What the World Eats ~~~~~~~~~~~ Russian Food & Cuisine

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